Research Reports available from ELI

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ELI Research reports and briefs present in a concise, accessible format, the analysis and conclusions of the policy studies the Environmental Law Institute undertakes to improve environmental law. Some research reports may be downloaded for free in Portable Document Format (.pdf). These files can be read using Adobe Acrobat Reader. Please see individual listings for more details.

2005 Status Report on Compensatory Mitigation in the United States

A Better, Cheaper Way to Regulate Mercury

A Citizen's Guide to Using Federal Environmental Laws to Secure Environmental Justice

A Guidebook for Brownfield Property Owners

African Perspectives on Genetic Resources: A Handbook on Laws, Policies, and Institutions

Allowance Trading and SO2 Hot Spots- Good News From the Acid Rain Program

Almanac of Enforceable State Laws to Control Nonpoint Source Water Pollution

An Action Plan on Invasive Species

An Analysis of State Superfund Programs: 50-State Study, 2001 Update

An Analysis of State Superfund Programs: 50-State Study

An Analysis of State Superfund Programs: 50-State Study 1990 Update

An Analysis of State Superfund Programs: 50-State Study 1991 Update

An Analysis of State Superfund Programs: 50-State Study 1993 Update

An Analysis of State Superfund Programs: 50-State Study 1995 Update

An Analysis of State Superfund Programs: 50-State Study 1998 Update

An Evaluation of Strategies for Promoting Effective Radon Mitigation

An Evaluation of the Effectiveness of the International Joint Commission

An Independent Review of the State-Federal Environmental Partnership Agreements for 1996

Analysis of the Numeric Water Quality Criteria Adopted by the Ten States That Border Directly on the Mississippi River

Analysis of the Numeric Water Quality Criteria Adopted by the Ten States That Border Directly on the Mississippi River: Arkansas

Analysis of the Numeric Water Quality Criteria Adopted by the Ten States That Border Directly on the Mississippi River: Illinois

Analysis of the Numeric Water Quality Criteria Adopted by the Ten States That Border Directly on the Mississippi River: Iowa

Analysis of the Numeric Water Quality Criteria Adopted by the Ten States That Border Directly on the Mississippi River: Kentucky

Analysis of the Numeric Water Quality Criteria Adopted by the Ten States That Border Directly on the Mississippi River: Louisiana

Analysis of the Numeric Water Quality Criteria Adopted by the Ten States That Border Directly on the Mississippi River: Minnesota

Analysis of the Numeric Water Quality Criteria Adopted by the Ten States That Border Directly on the Mississippi River: Mississippi

Analysis of the Numeric Water Quality Criteria Adopted by the Ten States That Border Directly on the Mississippi River: Missouri

Analysis of the Numeric Water Quality Criteria Adopted by the Ten States That Border Directly on the Mississippi River: Tennessee

Analysis of the Numeric Water Quality Criteria Adopted by the Ten States That Border Directly on the Mississippi River: Wisconsin

Anchoring the Clean Water Act: Congress’s Constitutional Sources of Power to Protect the Nation’s Waters

Assessment of the Legal, Scientific, and Institutional Frameworks for Biodiversity Protection in the Republic of Liberia

Banks and Fees: The Status of Off-Site Wetland Mitigation in the United States

Barriers to Environmental Technology and Use

Beyond Enforcement? Enforcement, Compliance Assistance, and Corporate Leadership Programs in Five Midwest States

Biological Diversity and Environmental Protection: Authorities to Reduce Risk

Brazil's Extractive Reserves: Fundamental Aspects of Their Implementation - English Edition

Brazil's Extractive Reserves: Fundamental Aspects of Their Implementation - Portuguese Edition

Building Capacity to Participate in Environmental Protection Agency Activities: A Needs Assessment and Analysis

Building Healthy, High Performance Schools: A Review of Selected State and Local Initiatives

Building on the Blueprint: How Virginia's Communities Are Implementing Sustainable Development

Chemical and Radiation Environmental Risk Management at the Crossroads: Case Studies

Chesapeake 2000 Tax Policy Study

Clean Water Act Jurisdictional Handbook

Cleaner Power: The Benefits and Costs of Moving from Coal Generation to Modern Technologies

Community Environmental Health Assessment Workbook: A Guide to Evaluating Your Community's Health and Finding Ways to Improve It

Comparison of Federal-State Allocation of Responsibility in Five Environmental Statutes

Consentimiento Informado Previo y Minerõa: Promoviendo el Desarrollo Sustentable de las Comunidades Locales

Consentimiento Informado Previo y Minerõa: Promoviendo el Desarrollo Sustentable de las Comunidades Locales

Conservation Thresholds for Land Use Planners

Conserving Treasured Landscapes in the Chesapeake: A Special Report

Conserving Treasured Landscapes in the Chesapeake: Appendix

Considering NEPA: Comments to the National Environmental Policy Act Task Force

Constitutional Environmental Law: Giving Force to Fundamental Principles in Africa

Constitutional Environmental Law: Giving Force to Fundamental Principles in Africa, 2nd Edition

Consumer Labelling of Nanomaterials in the EU and US: Convergence or Divergence?

Cooperative Prevention of Invasive Wildlife Introduction in Florida: Summary Report

Cooperative Prevention of Invasive Wildlife Introduction in Florida: Technical Report

Database of State Indoor Air Quality Laws: Complete Database UPDATED

Database of State Indoor Air Quality Laws: Database Excerpt: IAQ in Schools UPDATED

Database of State Indoor Air Quality Laws: Database Excerpt: Mold Laws UPDATED

Database of State Indoor Air Quality Laws: Database Excerpt: Radon Laws UPDATED

Decentralization of Environmental Protection in Mexico: An Overview of State and Local Laws and Institutions (English Edition)

Decentralization of Environmental Protection in Mexico: An Overview of State and Local Laws and Institutions (Spanish Edition)

Design of U.S. Habitat Banking Systems to Support the Conservation of Wildlife Habitat and At-Risk Species

Effects of Climate Change on Aquatic Invasive Species and Implications for Management and Research

ELI Research Brief #1 - New Uses for Old Tools: Protecting Biodiversity and Preventing Pollution Under Existing Laws

ELI Research Brief #2 - Reauthorizing Superfund: Lessons from the States

ELI Research Brief #3 - The Transition to Sustainable Development Law

ELI Research Brief #4 - Reorienting Risk Assessment

ELI Research Brief #5 - Turning Points: The Development-Environment Relationship

ELI Research Brief #6 - Property Past Present and Future

ELI Research Brief #7 - The Greening of Warfare: Developing International Law and Institutions to Limit Environmental Damage During Armed Conflict

Emission Reduction Credit Trading Systems: An Overview of Recent Results and an Assessment of Best Practices

Enforceable State Mechanisms for the Control of Nonpoint Source Water Pollution

Enhancing State Superfund Capabilities: Nine State Study

Environmental Enforcement in the U.S./Mexico Border Region: A Community Guide to Enforcement in Texas and Chihuahua (English Edition)

Environmental Enforcement in the U.S./Mexico Border Region: A Community Guide to Enforcement in Texas and Chihuahua (Spanish Edition)

Environmental Gatekeeping in State Laws

Environmental Impact Assessment and Public Participation in the Context of Central European Environmental Decisionmaking: Report of an International Roundtable Discussion

Environmental Impact Assessment: Integrating Environmental Protection and Development Planning

Environmental Protection and Development Planning

Environmental Protection: Is it Bad for the Economy?

Environmental Technology Verification: A Study of Stakeholders Attitudes

Estimating the Costs of Institutional Controls

Estimating U.S. Government Subsidies to Energy Sources: 2002-2008

Expanding the Use of Ecosystem-Based Management in the Coastal Zone Management Act

Facility Inspections Under a Water Discharge Permitting Program

Federal Regulations and State Flexibility in Environmental Standard Setting

Filling the Gaps: Ten Strategies to Strengthen Invasive Species Management in Florida

Final Report: Sustainable Mexican Municipalities Project

Forests for the Bay

Fourth Stakeholder Forum on Federal Wetlands Mitigation

Fresh Air: Innovative State and Local Programs for Improving Air Quality

From Pens to Bytes: Summaries of Court Decisions Related to Electronic Reporting

Gold Standard Evaluation: Whole Foods Market Aquaculture Purchasing Standards

Gold Standard for Sustainable Aquaculture Ecolabel Design Appendix: Descriptions of Labeling Programs

Gold Standard for Sustainable Aquaculture Ecolabel Design: Summary Report

Gold Standard for Sustainable Aquaculture Ecolabel Design: Technical Report

Grandfathering, New Source Review, and NOx- Making Sense of a Flawed System

Greening the Budget 2005: 6 Ways to Save Taxpayer Dollars and Protect the Environment in the Commonwealth of Virginia

Guiding Growth in Virginia: Local Incentives for Revitalization and Preservation

Habitat Conservation Opportunities in Natural Hazard Areas

Halting the Invasion in the Chesapeake Bay: Preventing Aquatic Invasive Species Introduction through Regional Cooperation

Halting the Invasion: State Tools for Invasive Species Management

Harnessing Consumer Power: Using Certification Systems to Promote Good Governance

Healthier Schools: A Review of State Policies for Improving Indoor Air Quality

Homeland Security and Drinking Water: An Opportunity for Comprehensive Protection of a Vital Natural Resource

How Abundant? Assessing the Estimates of Natural Gas Supply

Implementation of the "Swampbuster" Provisions of the Food Security Act of 1987

Implementing an Emissions Cap and Allowance Trading System for Greenhouse Gases: Lessons from the Acid Rain Program

Improving Economic Health and Competitiveness Through Tax Sharing

Improving Indoor Air Quality in Rental Dwellings: A Review of Policies in Five U.S. Localities

Improving Public Participation in the Environmental Impact Assessment Process in Mining

Indiana's Biological Diversity: Strategies and Tools for Conservation

Indigenous Landscapes: A Study in Ethnocartography

Indigenous Peoples and Natural Ecosystems in Central America and Southern Mexico

Indoor Air Quality in New Homes: Summary of Selected State Laws

Indoor Air Quality Workshop for State and Local Officials: 2000 Meeting Report

Information Access Mechanisms: Collecting & Disseminating the Information Necessary for Environmental Protection

In-Lieu Fee Mitigation: Model Instrument Language and Resources

Innovation Cost and Regulation: Perspectives on Business Policy and Legal Factors Affecting the Cost of Environmental Compliance

Institutional Controls in Use

Institutional Controls: Grand Junction

Institutional Controls: Mound Plant

Integrated Ecosystem-Based Management of the U.S. Arctic Marine Environment

Integrated Ecosystem-Based Management of the U.S. Arctic Marine Environment: Appendix A

Invasive Species Control: A Comprehensive Model State Law

Issues Relating to Articles 14 and 15 of the North American Agreement on Environmental Cooperation

Judging NEPA: A “Hard Look” at Judicial Decision Making Under the National Environmental Policy Act

Keeping New Jersey Safe: A Citizen's Handbook on New Jersey's Community Safety Program

Lasting Landscapes: Reflections on the Role of Conservation Science in Land Use Planning

Legal Aspects of Forest Management in Mexico (English Edition)

Legal Aspects of Forest Management in Mexico (Spanish Edition)

Legal Authorities Governing Transportation Infrastructure in Liberia: A Desk Study

Legal Tools and Incentives for Private Lands Conservation in Latin America: Building Models for Success

Libraries as a Community Resource for Environmental Information

Linking Tax Law and Sustainable Urban Development: The Taxpayer Relief Act of 1997

Local Government Implementation of Long-Term Stewardship at Two DOE Facilities

Locating Livestock: How Water Pollution Control Efforts Can Use Information from State Regulatory Programs

Making a List: Prevention Strategies for Invasive Plants in the Great Lakes States

Mapping Indigenous Lands: A Practical Guidebook

Marine Spatial Planning in US Waters: An Assessment and Analysis of Existing Legal Mechanisms, Anticipated Barriers, and Future Opportunities

Maryland Farmland Conservation: Supporting Sustainable Use of Land through Tax Policy

Maryland Offshore Energy Framework

Measuring Mitigation: A Review of the Science for Compensatory Mitigation Performance Standards

Mejorando la Participación Ciudadana en el Proceso de Evaluación de Impacto Ambiental en Minería

Mitigation of Impacts to Fish and Wildlife Habitat: Estimating Costs and Identifying Opportunities

Municipal Green Building Policies: Strategies for Transforming Building Practices in the Private Sector

National Forum on Synergies Between Water Quality Trading and Wetland Mitigation Banking

National Symposium on Compensatory Mitigation and the Watershed Approach

Natural Resource Valuation and Damage Assessment in Nigeria: A Comparative Analysis

New Mexico's Natural Heritage: A Handbook of Law and Policy

New Tools for Responsible Shipping in the Great Lakes: Using Financial Responsibility Policies to Prevent Ballast-Borne Biological Pollution

New York State Biodiversity Project Needs Assessment

Nongovernmental Perspectives on EPA's Options for Protection of Habitat

Ocean and Coastal Ecosystem-Based Management: Implementation Handbook

Ohio's Biological Diversity: Strategies and Tools for Conservation

Opportunities for Advancing Environmental Justice: An Analysis of U.S. EPA Statutory Authorities

Opportunities for Public Involvement in NOAA's Natural Resources Damage Assessment and Restoration Efforts: Case Studies of the Hudson River PCB Contamination and the Tampa Bay Oil Spill

Penalties for Water Pollution Violations

Planner’s Guide to Wetland Buffers for Local Governments

Planning for Biodiversity: Authorities in State Land Use Laws

Planning for Development and Sewage Infrastructure: Can We Be Consistent?

Planning with Nature: Biodiversity Information in Action

Plumbing the Future: Sewage Infrastructure Sustainability in Western Pennsylvania

Pollution Prevention and Mining: A Proposed Framework for the Americas - English Edition

Pollution Prevention and Mining: A Proposed Framework for the Americas - Spanish Edition

Practical Approaches to Implementing Environmental Laws: Getting from Here to There

Practical Approaches to Implementing Environmental Laws: Report of an International Roundtable Discussion

Prior Informed Consent and Mining: Promoting Sustainable Development of Local Communities

Protecting Biodiversity: Legal Mechanisms Concerning Access to and Compensation for the Use of Genetic Resources in the United States of America

Protecting Delaware's Natural Heritage: Tools for Biodiversity Conservation

Protecting Delaware's Natural Heritage: Tools for Biodiversity Conservation - Executive Summary

Protecting Public Health at Superfund Sites: Can Institutional Controls Meet the Challenge

Public Participation in Environmental Regulation

Putting the Pieces Together: State Nonpoint Source Enforceable Mechanisms in Context

Radon in Rental Housing: Legal and Policy Strategies for Reducing Health Risks

Rediscovering the National Environmental Policy Act: Back to the Future

Regional and Collaborative Approaches to Water, Sewer, and Stormwater Management in Pennsylvania

Regulating Nanomaterials: A Transatlantic Agenda

Report for Great Lakes Protection Fund: Potential Federal Preemption of Laws in the Great Lakes States

Report of the Colloquium on Federal-State Relations in Environmental Enforcement

Reporting on Climate Change: Understanding the Science, 3rd Edition

Research and Development Practices in the Environmental Technology Industry

Role of Local Government in Long Term Stewardship of DOE Facilities

Roundtable Report: Smart Growth in Small Towns and Rural Communities: Maryland's Eastern Shore

Safe Drinking Water Workshop for Consumers

School District Liability for Indoor Air Quality Conditions

School Indoor Air Quality: State Policy Strategies for Maintaining Healthy Learning Environments

Securing the Promise of Nanotechnologies Towards Transatlantic Regulatory Cooperation

Securing the Promise of Nanotechnology: Is U.S. Environmental Law Up To the Job?

Setting Standards: The Best Available Technology Option

Smart Growth and the Clean Water Act

Smart Growth in Small Towns and Rural Communities: Maryland's Eastern Shore

Smart Growth in the Southeast: New Approaches for Guiding Development

Smart Links: Turning Conservation Dollars into Smart Growth Opportunities

Stakeholder Forum on Federal Wetlands Mitigation

State and Local Indoor Air Quality Programs: Five Case Studies

State Civil Penalty Authorities and Policies

State Radon Legislation - Issues and Options

State Regulation of Animal Feeding Operations: Seven State Summaries

State Regulation of Mining Waste: Current State of the Art

State Wetland Permitting Programs: Avoidance and Minimization Requirements

State Wetland Program Evaluation: Phase I

State Wetland Program Evaluation: Phase II

State Wetland Program Evaluation: Phase III

State Wetland Program Evaluation: Phase IV

State Wetland Protection: Status, Trends & Model Approaches

State Wildlife Action Plans and Utilities: New Conservation Opportunities for America’s Wildlife

Status and Trends in State Invasive Species Policy: 2002-2009

Status of the States: Innovative Strategies for Biodiversity Conservation

Strategic Lawsuits Against Public Participation (SLAPPs): A Guide for Community Residents and Environmental Justice Activists

Strategies for Effective State Early Detection/Rapid Response Programs for Plant Pests and Pathogens

Strengthening U.S.-Mexico Transboundary Environmental Enforcement: Legal Strategies for Preventing the Use of the Border as a Shield Against Liability

Survey and Analysis of State Groundwater Classification Systems and Program Operations

Sustainability in Practice

Sustaining the Forests: Reinventing the Forest Service Administrative Appeal Process

Symposium on Legal Implications of Electronic Environmental Reporting

Ten Things Wrong With Sprawl

The Federal Wetland Permitting Program: Avoidance and Minimization Requirements

The Greenhouse Effect: Formulating A Convention

The Nature of Open Space Programs: Linking Land Protection and Biodiversity Conservation

The New Air Permitting Program: The Role of the States

The New Public: The Globalization of Public Participation

The Next Generation of Mitigation: Linking Current and Future Mitigation Programs with State Wildlife Action Plans and Other State and Regional Plans

The Role of Aquatic Invasive Species in State Listing of Impaired Waters and the TMDL Program: Seven Case Studies

The Role of the Citizen in Environmental Enforcement

The Status and Character of In-Lieu Fee Mitigation in the United States

The Tools of Prevention: Opportunities for Promoting Pollution Prevention Under Federal Legislation

Third Stakeholder Forum on Federal Wetlands Mitigation

Toward a More Effective Superfund Enforcement Program

Transparency and Responsiveness: Building a Participatory Process for Activities Implemented Jointly Under the Climate Change Convention

United States-Mexico Transboundary Environmental Enforcement: Workshop Report (English Edition)

United States-Mexico Transboundary Environmental Enforcement: Workshop Report (Spanish Edition)

Using Pollution Control Authorities to Protect Threatened and Endangered Species and Reduce Ecological Risk

Virginia Offshore Energy Development Law and Policy Review and Recommendations

Virginia's Economic Incentives: Missed Opportunities for Sustainable Growth

Western Water in the 21st Century Policies and Programs that Stretch Supplies in a Prior Appropriation World

Wetland Avoidance and Minimization in Action: Perspectives from Experience

Wetlands and 401 Certification: Opportunities and Guidelines for States and Eligible Indian Tribes

Wetlands Loss Due to Agricultural Conversion: A Survey of Recent Data

Where Does the Nano Go? End-of Life Regulation of Nanotechnology

Working With Lawyers: A Guide for Community Residents and Environmental Justice Activists

Working With Lawyers: A Guide for Community Residents and Environmental Justice Activists (Spanish Version)

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